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CounterPunch
September
2, 2002
Flashback
US War Crimes During the Gulf War
by Francis Boyle
The following paper was presented to
a symposium held by the Albany Law School. The symposium, held
on February 27, 1992, was titled: International War Crimes: The
Search for Justice. This paper documents the numerous occasions
that international laws were broken and disregarded during the
Gulf War.
Introduction
1. For the past year I have been working
with the International Commission of Inquiry into United States
war crimes that were committed during the Persian Gulf War. This
Commission has conducted the largest independent world-wide investigation
of war crimes in history. Since last May [1991], the Commission
has held thirty hearings across the United States and in twenty
countries across five continents to expose the war crimes that
the United States government inflicted upon the People and State
of Iraq.
2. On Saturday, February 29, 1992 in
New York City, at the Martin Luther, Jr. Auditorium, the Commission
will publicly present its evidence before an International War
Crimes Tribunal consisting of distinguished jurists and human
rights activists drawn from around the world. In the brief space
that has been allotted to me, I would like to present the basic
gist of the charges that will be brought before the Tribunal
against President  George Bush, Vice President Dan Quayle,
Secretary of State Jim Baker, Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney,
National Security Assistant Brent Scowcroft, CIA Director William
Webster, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Colin
Powell, General Norman Schwarzkopf, and other members of the
High Command of the United States military establishment who
launched and waged this brutal, inhumane, and criminal war. Hereinafter,
these individuals will be collectively referred to as the Defendants.
The Charges
3. The international crimes that have
been charged and will be proven against these Defendants consist
principally of the three Nuremberg Offences: the Nuremberg Crime
Against Peace, that is waging an aggressive war and a war in
violation of international treaties and agreements; Nuremberg
Crimes Against Humanity; and Nuremberg War Crimes. In addition,
these Defendants also committed grievous war crimes by wantonly
violating the Hague Regulations on Land Warfare of 1907; the
Declaration of London on Sea Warfare of 1909; the Hague Draft
Rules of Aerial Warfare of 1923; the Four Geneva Conventions
of 1949 and their two Additional Protocols of 1977; and the international
crimes of Genocide against the People of Iraq as defined by the
International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of
the Crimes of Genocide of 1948 as well as by the United States'
own Genocide Convention Implementation Act of 1987, 18 <U.S.C>.
1901. Finally, and most heinously of all, these Defendants actually
perpetrated a Nuremberg Crime against their own troops when they
forced them to take experimental biological weapons vaccines
without their informed consent in gross violation of the Nuremberg
Code on Medical Experimentation that has been fully subscribed
to by the United States government.
Universal Jurisdiction
4. These international crimes create
personal criminal responsibility on the part of all these Defendants
that warrant their prosecution under basic norms of customary
international law, treaties, and statutes in any state of the
world community that obtains jurisdiction over them for the rest
of their lives. We believe that the International War Crimes
Tribunal will produce a Judgment that can be put into the hands
of every government in the world with no injunction that should
any of these Defendants ever appear within their territorial
jurisdiction, they must be apprehended and prosecuted for the
commission of the specified international crimes. Like unto pirates,
these Defendants are hostes humani generis - the enemies of all
humankind!
The Historical
Origins of the War
5. I do not have the time in this brief
presentation to analyse the entire history of illegal U.S. military
interventionism into the Middle East - especially the Persian
Gulf region - and in particular its divide-and-conquer (divida
et impera) policies. Suffice it to say here that the "immediate
cause" of the United States war to destroy Iraq and take
over the Arab oil fields in the Persian Gulf goes back to the
1973 Arab oil boycott of Europe. The Arab oil states imposed
the boycott in solidarity with those Arab states that were then
attempting to reclaim their Lands that had been illegally stolen
from Them by Israel in 1967. The Arab oil boycott brought Europe
to its knees. Subsequently, Arab oil states were able to increase
the price of oil to a point of economic fairness that would enable
them to provide for the basic human needs of their own Peoples.
6. But the success of the Arab oil boycott
led several prominent U.S. government officials in the Nixon
administration, and especially Henry Kissinger, to publicly threaten
that the United States government would prepare itself to seize
the Arab oil fields in order to prevent something like the boycott
from ever happening again. This illegal governmental threat was
stated openly, publicly, and repeatedly during the course of
the Nixon administration, the Ford administration, the Carter
administration, and the Reagan administration. The Bush administration
would finally be the ones to carry this threat out. But only
after a decade of active preparations.
The Rapid Deployment
Force
7. During the course of the Carter administration,
the United States government obtained authorisation from Congress
to set up, arm, equip, and supply the so-called Rapid Deployment
Force (RDF), whose primary mission was to seize and steal the
Arab oil-fields of the Persian Gulf region. So the planning and
preparations for the U.S. war against Iraq go all the way back
to the so-called "liberal" Carter administration -
at the very least. The United States Foreign Policy Establishment
consists of liberal imperialists, reactionary imperialists, and
middle-of-the-road imperialists. But they all share in common
a firm belief in America's "Manifest Destiny" to rule
the world.
8. For the next decade, the Pentagon
obtained a new generation of high-technology conventional weapons
possessing massive destructive power and lethality; the logistical
support network necessary to convey a force of 500,000 soldiers
over to the Persian Gulf region within six months; and base access
rights and facilities for that purpose throughout Africa, the
Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Working in conjunction with
its de facto allies in the region such as Egypt and Israel, the
Pentagon stockpiled enormous quantities of weapons, equipment,
and supplies in the immediate vicinity of the Persian Gulf as
a prelude to military intervention. Hence, the United States
government had been planning, preparing, and conspiring to seize
and steal the Persian Gulf oil fields for over a decade.
United States
War Plans Against Iraq
9. Sometime after the termination of
the Iraq-Iran War in the Summer of 1988, the Pentagon proceeded
to revise its outstanding war plans for U.S. military intervention
into the Persian Gulf region in order to destroy Iraq. Defendant
Schwarzkopf was put in charge of this revision. For example,
in early 1990, Defendant Schwarzkopf informed the Senate Armed
Services Committee of this new military strategy in the Gulf
allegedly designed to protect U.S. access to and control over
Gulf oil in the event of regional conflicts. In October 1990,
Defendant Powell referred to the new military plan developed
in 1989. After the war, Defendant Schwarzkopf referred to eighteen
months of planning for the campaign.
10. Sometime in late 1989 or early 1990,
the Pentagon's war plan for destroying Iraq and stealing Persian
Gulf oil fields was put into motion. At that time, Defendant
Schwarzkopf was named the Commander of the so-called U.S. Central
Command - which was the renamed version of the Rapid Deployment
Force - for the purpose of carrying out the war plan that he
had personally developed and supervised. During January of 1990,
massive quantities of United States weapons, equipment, and supplies
were sent to Saudi Arabia in order to prepare for the war against
Iraq.
11. Pursuant to this war plan, Defendant
Webster and the CIA assisted and directed Kuwait in its actions
of violating OPEC oil production agreements to undercut the price
of oil for the purpose of debilitating Iraq's economy; in extracting
excessive and illegal amounts of oil from pools it shared with
Iraq; in demanding immediate repayment of loans Kuwait had made
to Iraq during the Iraq-Iran War; and in breaking off negotiations
with Iraq over these disputes. The Defendants intended to provoke
Iraq into aggressive military actions against Kuwait that they
knew could be used to justify U.S. military intervention into
the Persian Gulf for the purpose of destroying Iraq and taking
over Arab oil fields.
The U.S. "Green
Light" to Invade Kuwait
12. The Defendants showed absolutely
no opposition to Iraq's increasing threats against Iraq. Indeed,
when Saddam Hussein requested U.S. Ambassador April Glaspie to
explain State Department testimony in Congress about Iraq's threats
against Kuwait, she assured him that the United States considered
the dispute to be a regional concern, and that it would not intervene
militarily. In other words, the United States government gave
Saddam Hussein what amounted to a "green light" to
invade Kuwait.
13. This reprehensible behaviour was
similar to that of the Carter administration during September
of 1980, when United States government officials gave Saddam
Hussein the "green light" to invade Iran and thus commence
the tragic Iraq-Iran War. A decade later, Saddam Hussein simply
surmised that he had been given yet another "green light"
by the United States government to commit overt aggression against
surrounding states. Only this time, the Defendants knowingly
intended to lead Iraq into a provocation that could be used to
justify intervention and warfare by United States military forces
for the real purpose of destroying Iraq as a military power and
seizing Arab oil fields in the Persian Gulf.
Bush Is the
Bigger War Criminal
14. On August 2, 1990, Iraq invaded and
occupied Kuwait without significant resistance. The Kuwaiti government
itself estimated that approximately 300 people were killed as
a result of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, and a few hundred more
as a result of the military occupation. By comparison, Defendant
Bush's invasion of Panama in December of 1989 took between 2,000
and 4,000 Panamanian lives, and the United States government
is still covering up the actual death toll. Defendant Bush killed
more innocent people in Panama than Saddam Hussein did in Kuwait.
15. Defendant Bush's invasion of Panama
was even more illegal, reprehensible, and criminal than Saddam
Hussein's invasion of Kuwait. The world must never forget that
the first step in the construction of Bush's "New World
Order" was his illegal invasion of Panama and the murder
of thousands of completely innocent Panamanian civilians. America's
self-anointed policeman in the Persian Gulf had the blood of
the Panamanian People on his hands.
Bush's Perversion
of the Constitution
16. Pursuant to the Pentagon's war plan
for destroying Iraq and stealing Persian Gulf oil fields - and
without consultation or communication with Congress - Defendant
Bush initially ordered 40,000 U.S. military personnel into the
Persian Gulf region during the first week of August 1990. He
lied to the American People and Congress when he stated that
his acts were purely defensive. Right from the very outset of
this crisis - and even beforehand - Defendant Bush fully intended
to go to war against Iraq and to seize the Arab oil fields in
the Persian Gulf. Defendant Bush deliberately misled, deceived,
concealed and made false representations to the Congress to prevent
its free deliberation and informed exercise of legislative power.
17. Defendant Bush intentionally usurped
Congressional power, ignored its authority, and failed and refused
to consult with the Congress. He individually ordered a naval
blockade against Iraq - itself an act of war - without approval
by Congress or the U.N. Security Council. Defendant Bush waited
until after the November 1990 elections to publicly announce
his earlier order sending more than 200,000 additional military
personnel to the Persian Gulf for offensive purposes without
seeking the approval of Congress. Pursuant to the Pentagon's
war plan, Defendant Bush switched U.S. forces from a defensive
position and capability to an offensive capacity for aggression
against Iraq without consultation with, and contrary to assurances
given to, Congress and the American People.
18. On the very eve of the war, Defendant
Bush then strong-armed legislation through Congress that approved
enforcement of U.N. resolutions vesting absolute discretion in
any nation, providing no guidelines, and requiring no reporting
to the United Nations. Defendant Bush knew full well that he
intended to destroy the armed forces and civilian infrastructure
of Iraq. Those acts were undertaken to enable him to commit a
Nuremberg Crime Against Peace and war crimes. This conduct violated
the Constitution and Laws of the United States and especially
the War Powers Clause found in Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution,
the U.S. War Powers Act of 1973, 87 Stat. 555, and the United
Nations Charter, which is the "Supreme Law of the Land"
under Article 6 of the Constitution. For this reason alone, Defendant
Bush and his co-conspirators committed "High Crimes and
Misdemeanors" that warrant their impeachment, conviction,
removal from office, and criminal prosecution.
Bush's Mad
Rush to War
19. While concealing his true intentions,
Bush continued the military buildup of U.S. forces from August
into January 1991 for the purpose of attacking and destroying
Iraq. Bush pressed the military to expedite preparations and
to commence the war against Iraq before military conditions were
optimum for domestic political purposes so that the war would
not interfere with his presidential re-election campaign. Indeed,
the entire timing, conduct and duration of the war were planned
so as to promote Defendant Bush's re-election prospects. But
as a direct result of Defendant Bush's mad rush to war, United
States military personnel suffered needless casualties. Defendant
Bush has still lied and covered up to the American People and
Congress the true nature and extent of U.S. casualties during
the Persian Gulf War.
Bush Corrupted
the United Nations
20. Defendant Bush repeatedly coerced
the members of the United Nations Security Council into adopting
an unprecedented series of resolutions that culminated in his
securing authority for any nation to use "all necessary
means" to enforce these resolutions. To secure these votes
in the Security Council, Defendant Bush paid multi-billion-dollar
bribes; offered arms for regional wars; threatened and carried
out economic retaliation; illegally forgave multi-billion-dollar
loans; offered diplomatic relations despite human rights violations;
and in other ways corruptly exacted votes. This illegal activity
subverted and perverted the very Purposes and Principles of the
United Nations Charter itself found in articles 1 and 2 thereof.
Bush Circumvented
and Violated Chapter VI of the United Nations Charter
21. In his mad rush to war, Defendant
Bush caused the United Nations to completely bypass Chapter VI
of the U.N. Charter that mandates the specific settlement of
international disputes. Defendant Bush consistently rejected
and ridiculed all of Iraq's efforts to negotiate a peaceful resolution
of the dispute. Defendant Bush proudly boasted that there would
be no negotiation, no compromise, no face-saving, etc.
22. Defendant Bush's successful attempt
to subvert every effort for negotiating a peaceful resolution
of this dispute violated the solemn obligation mandating the
peaceful resolution of international disputes found in article
2, paragraph 3 of the United Nations Charter; in article 33,
paragraph 1 of the United Nations Charter; and in article 2 of
the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928. Just like the Nazi war criminals
before him, Defendant Bush pursued recourse to war as an instrument
of his national policy and for the solution of international
controversies in violation of article 1 of the Kellogg-Briand
Pact. Just as the Nazi war criminals did by invading Poland in
September of 1939, these Defendants perpetrated a Nuremberg Crime
Against Peace in their decision to got to war against Iraq and
to seize and steal the oil resources of the Persian Gulf.
The Conduct
of the War Itself
23. Obviously, in the brief space that
has been allotted to me, there is no way that I could adequately
describe all of the atrocities and war crimes that were committed
by these Defendants and their Agents during the course of their
actual conduct of military hostilities against the People and
State of Iraq. These matters have been covered in great detail
during the course of the public investigations and hearings conducted
around the world by the Commission during the past year. Nonetheless,
I will provide you here with a succinct account of the major
categories of war crimes committed by these Defendants during
the course of their criminal war against Iraq.
Bush Ordered
the Destruction of Facilities Essential to Civilian Life and
Economic Productivity Throughout Iraq
24. Systematic aerial and missile bombardment
of Iraq was ordered to begin at 6:30 p.m. <E.S.T>. January
16, 1991, in order to be reported on prime time TV. The bombing
continued for 42 days. It met no resistance from Iraqi aircraft
and no effective anti-aircraft or anti-missile ground fire. Iraq
was basically defenceless.
25. Most of the targets were civilian
facilities. The United States intentionally bombed and destroyed
centres for civilian life, commercial and business districts,
schools, hospitals, mosques, churches, shelters, residential
areas, historical sites, private vehicles and civilian government
offices. In aerial attacks, including strafing, over cities,
towns, the countryside and highways, United States aircraft bombed
and strafed indiscriminately. The purpose of these attacks was
to destroy life and property, and generally to terrorise the
civilian population of Iraq. The net effect was the summary execution
and corporal punishment indiscriminately of men, women and children,
young and old, rich and poor, of all nationalities and religions.
26. As a direct result of this bombing
campaign against civilian life, at least 25,000 men, women and
children were killed. The Red Crescent Society of Jordan estimated
113,000 civilian dead, 60% of them children, the week before
the end of the war. According to the Nuremberg Charter, this
"wanton destruction of cities, towns, or villages"
is a Nuremberg War Crime.
27. The intention and effort of this
bombing campaign against civilian life and facilities was to
systematically destroy Iraq's infrastructure leaving it in a
pre-industrial condition. The U.S. assault left Iraq in near
apocalyptic conditions as reported by the first United Nations
observers after the war. As a direct, intentional and foreseeable
result of this anti-civilian destruction, over one hundred thousand
people have died after the war from dehydration, dysentery, diseases,
and malnutrition caused by impure water, inability to obtain
effective medical assistance and debilitation from hunger, cold,
shock and distress. More will die until potable water, sanitary
living conditions, adequate food supplies and other necessities
are provided. Yet Defendant Bush continues to impose punitive
economic sanctions against the People of Iraq in order to prevent
this from happening.
The United States Intentionally Bombed
and Destroyed Defenceless Iraqi Military Personnel; Used Excessive
Force; Killed Soldiers Seeking to Surrender and in Disorganised
Individual Flight, Often Unarmed and Far from Any Combat Zones;
Randomly and Wantonly Killed Iraqi Soldiers; and Destroyed Material
After the Cease-Fire
28. In the first hours of the aerial
and missile bombardment, the United States destroyed most military
communications and began the systematic killing of Iraqi soldiers
who were incapable of defence or escape, and the destruction
of military equipment. The U.S. bombing campaign killed tens
of thousands of defenceless soldiers, cut off from most of their
food, water and other supplies, and left them in desperate and
helpless disarray. Defendant Schwarzkopf placed Iraqi military
casualties at over 100,000. Large numbers of these soldiers were
"out of combat" and therefore not legitimate targets
for military attack.
29. When it was determined that the civilian
economy and the military were sufficiently destroyed, the U.S.
ground forces moved into Kuwait and Iraq attacking disorientated,
disorganised, fleeing Iraqi forces wherever they could be found,
killing thousands more and destroying any equipment found. In
one particularly shocking manoeuvre, thousands of Iraqi soldiers
were needlessly and illegally buried alive. This wholesale slaughter
of Iraqi soldiers continued even after and in violation of the
so-called cease-fire.
30. The Defendants' intention was not
to remove Iraq's presence from Kuwait. Rather, their intention
was to destroy Iraq. The disproportion in death and destruction
inflicted on a defenceless enemy exceeded 100 to one. The Defendants
conducted this genocidal war against the Male Population of Iraq
for the express purpose of making sure that Iraq could not raise
a substantial military force for at least another generation.
The United States Used Prohibited Weapons
Capable of Mass Destruction and Inflicting Indiscriminate Death
and Unnecessary Suffering Against Both Military and Civilian
Targets
31. Fuel air explosives were used against
troops in place, civilian areas, oil fields and fleeing civilians
and soldiers on two stretches of highway between Kuwait and Iraq.
One seven mile stretch called the "Highway of Death"
was littered with hundreds of vehicles and thousands of dead.
All were fleeing to Iraq for their lives. Thousands were civilians
of all ages, including Kuwaitis, Iraqis, Palestinians, Jordanians
and other nationalities.
32. Napalm was used against civilians
and military personnel, as well as to start fires. Oil well fires
in both Iraq and Kuwait were intentionally started by U.S. aircraft
dropping napalm and other heat intensive devices.
33. Cluster bombs and anti-personnel
fragmentation bombs were used in Basra, and other cities and
towns, against the civilian convoys of fleeing vehicles and against
military units.
34. "Superbombs" were dropped
on hardened shelters with the intention of assassinating Iraqi
President Saddam Hussein - a war crime in its own right.
The United
States Intentionally Attacked Installations in Iraq Containing
Dangerous Substances and Forces in Violation of Article 56 of
Geneva Protocol I of 1977
35. The U.S. intentionally bombed alleged
nuclear sites, chemical plants, dams and other dangerous forces.
The U.S. knew such attacks could cause the release of dangerous
forces from such installations and consequently severe losses
among the civilian population. While some civilians were killed
in such attacks, there are no reported cases of consequent severe
losses. Presumably, lethal nuclear materials, and dangerous chemical
and biological warfare substances, were not present at the sites
bombed.
The United
States Waged War on the Environment
36. Before the war started, the Pentagon
had developed computer models that accurately predicted the environmental
catastrophe that would occur should the United States go to war
against Iraq. These Defendants went to war anyway knowing full
well what the consequences of such an environmental disaster
would be. Attacks by U.S. aircraft caused much if not all of
the worst oil spills in the Gulf. Aircraft and helicopters dropped
napalm and fuel-air explosives on oil wells throughout Iraq and
many, if not most, of the oil well fires in Iraq and Kuwait.
Defendant Bush Encouraged and Aided Shiite
Muslims and Kurds to Rebel Against the Government of Iraq Causing
Fratricidal Violence, Emigration, Exposure, Hunger and Sickness
and Thousands of Deaths. After the Rebellion Failed, the U.S.
Invaded and Occupied Parts of Iraq Without Lawful Authority in
Order to Increase Division and Hostilities Within Iraq
37. Without authority from the U.S. Congress
or the United Nations, Defendant Bush encouraged and aided rebellion
against Iraq, failed to protect the warring parties, encouraged
mass migration of whole populations placing them in jeopardy
from the elements, hunger and disease. After much suffering and
many deaths, Defendant Bush then without authority used U.S.
military forces to distribute aid at and near the Turkish border,
ignoring the often greater suffering among refugees in Iran.
He then arbitrarily set up bantu-like settlements for Kurds in
Iraq and demanded for Iraq to pay for U.S. costs. When Kurds
chose to return to their homes in Iraq, he moved U.S. troops
further into northern Iraq against the will of the government
and without any legal authority to do so. As Defendant Baker
correctly put it when he visited the area, these atrocities constituted
a Nuremberg "crime against humanity."
Defendant Bush
Intentionally Deprived the Iraqi People of Essential Medicines,
Potable Water, Food and Other Necessities
38. A major component of the assault
on Iraq was the systematic deprivation of essential human needs
and services, to terrorise and break the will of the Iraqi People,
to destroy their economic capability, and to reduce their numbers
and weaken their health. Towards those ends, the Defendants:
- imposed and enforced embargoes preventing
the shipment of needed medicines, water purifiers, infant milk
formula, food and other supplies; - froze funds of Iraq and forced
other nations to do so, depriving Iraq of the ability to purchase
needed medicines, food and other supplies; - preventing international
organisations, governments and relief agencies from providing
needed supplies and obtaining information concerning such needs;
- failed to assist or meet urgent needs of huge refugee populations
and interfered with efforts of others to do so, etc.
As a direct result of these cruel and
inhuman acts, thousands of people died, many more suffered illnesses
and permanent injury. For these actions, the Defendants are guilty
of Nuremberg Crimes Against Humanity and the Crime of Genocide
as recognised by international law and U.S. domestic law.
Defendant Bush,
Having Destroyed Iraq's Economic Base, Demands Reparations Which
Will Permanently Impoverish Iraq and Threaten Its People with
Famine and Epidemic
39. Defendant Bush seeks to force Iraq
to pay for damages to Kuwait largely caused by the U.S. and even
to pay U.S. costs for its violation of Iraqi sovereignty in occupying
northern Iraq to further manipulate the Kurdish population there.
Such reparations are neo-colonial means of expropriating Iraq's
oil, natural resources, and human labour. Meanwhile, the United
States government dominates and controls the respective governments
and oil resources of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman, the
United Arab Emirates, and Qatar.
40. The United States government has
successfully carried out its long-standing threat and war plan
to seize and steal the oil resources of the Persian Gulf for
its own benefit. The United States now directly controls the
natural energy resources that fuel the economies of Europe and
Japan. Acting with their de facto allies in Israel and Great
Britain, the Defendants are today consolidating their control
over the entire Middle East in a blatant bid to establish worldwide
hegemony.
Bush's "New
World Order"
41. Today, the government in the United
States of America constitutes an international criminal conspiracy
under the Nuremberg Charter, Judgment and Principles, that is
legally identical to the Nazi government in World War II Germany.
The Defendants' wanton extermination of approximately 250,000
People in Iraq provides definite proof of the validity of this
Nuremberg Proposition for the entire world to see. Indeed, Defendant
Bush's so-called New World Order sounds and looks strikingly
similar to the New Order proclaimed by Adolph Hitler over fifty
years ago. You do not build a real New World Order with stealth
bombers, Abrams tanks, and tomahawk cruise missiles. For their
own good and the good of all humanity, the American People must
condemn and repudiate Defendant Bush and his grotesque vision
of a New World Order that is constructed upon warfare, bloodshed,
violence and criminality.
Impeachment
42. All of these aforementioned international
crimes constitute "High Crimes and Misdemeanors" as
defined by the Article 2, Section 4 of the United States Constitution
and therefore warrant the impeachment, conviction, and removal
from office of Defendants Bush, Quayle, Baker, Cheney, Powell,
and Scowcroft. In regard to this matter, Congressman Henry Gonzalez
of Texas has already introduced an Impeachment Resolution into
the House of Representatives, that is numbered House Resolution
86, calling for the impeachment and removal from office of these
Defendants because they have committed these international crimes
and also because they have subverted and perverted constitutional
government in America "to the manifest injury of the people
of the United States."
A Special Prosecutor
43. These Defendants must be impeached
by the House, tried and convicted by the Senate, and removed
from office. Thereafter, we believe that the Commission of Inquiry
and the International War Crimes Tribunal will have produced
sufficient evidence to trigger the application of the Ethics
in Government Act, 28 <U.S.C>. 591 et seq., that would
lead to the appointment of an Independent Counsel (i.e., Special
Prosecutor) to investigate and prosecute these high-ranking officials
for the wholesale violation of federal criminal laws in their
decision to launch and wage this criminal war against the People
and State of Iraq. We fully intend to see Bush, Baker, Cheney,
Quayle, Scowcroft, Webster, Powell, Schwarzkopf and the rest
of the U.S. High Command sitting in jail for the rest of their
natural lives.
44. Make no mistake about it: The very
nature, future and existence of the American Republic depends
upon the success of these endeavours. Today, the battle begins
for the hearts and minds of the American People between the Warmongers
and the Peacemakers. We ask all of you to join us in this legal
campaign and moral crusade to restore to the United States of
America a democratic government with a commitment to the Rule
of Law and the Constitution both at home and abroad.
Francis A. Boyle,
Professor of Law, University of Illinois, is author of Foundations
of World Order, Duke University Press, and The
Criminality of Nuclear Deterrence, Clarity Press. He
can be reached at: FBOYLE@LAW.UIUC.EDU
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September
1, 2002
Dave Marsh
No Surrender:
Springsteen's The Rising
August 31,
2002
Gavin Keeney
Return to the
Charterhouse of Parma
David Vest
Porkland:
Confronting Republicans & Police in Portland
Ralph Nader
The Highway
Lobby
M. Shahid
Alam
CNN Reporting
(poem)
Neve Gordon
Sharon's
Subjugation Strategy
Dr. Susan
Block
The Gangbang
Asthete
The Sexual Life
of Catherine M.
Kurt Nimmo
Clueless
at the State Dept.
August 30,
2002
Alexander
Cockburn
American
Journal:
Hitchens, Kissinger, Springsteen, Haggard & Elvis
August 29,
2002
Chris Floyd
The Secret
Sharers:
The CIA and the Murder of Frank Olson
August 28,
2002
William Ring
War on Iraq:
The Brightest Scenario
August 27,
2002
Sam Bahour
The Violence
of Curfew
Wenonah Hauter
From Johannesburg:
Pacts with the Devil: Public-Private Partnerships and the Global
Environment
Jerre Skog
Wanted:
"Our Kind of Guy"
in Iraq!
Uri Avnery
Letter
to a Pilot
August 26,
2002
Sami Al-Arian
Fighting
for the Right of
Dissent and Due Process
Ruebner /
Turaani
What
is Israel Hiding?
Norman Madarasz
Brazil
and the IMF:
Democracy and Emerging Market Liberalism
Robert Fisk
War Crimes:
Reporters Aren't Prosecutors
Douglas Valentine
Phoenix,
CIA and Maj. Gen. Bruce Lawlor: From Vietnam
to Homeland Security
August 24
/ 25, 2002
Susan Davis
Proverbial
Wisdom:
Of Clogs and Enron
Falk / Krieger
No War
Against Iraq
Ceylon Mooney
Fasting
for Iraq
Jonathon
Wright
Police
Brutality in Atlanta
Ralph Nader
Congress's
Pay Raise Scam
Jeffrey St.
Clair
Chainsaw
George
Alexander
Cockburn
Alterman
Cheapens Holocaust
August 23,
2002
Dave Marsh
Selling
Out?
Anthony Gancarski
Super-Duper:
Oil, al-Qaeda and a West African Adventure
William Hughes
Lieberman's
Conflict
of Interest?
Kurt Nimmo
The Lapdog
Conversion of CNN:
They Didn't Want to "Criticize" a Popular War
Sean Donahue
Hardline
in Colombia
August 22,
2002
Sean Donahue
Hardline
in Colombia
Wayne Madsen
Crushing
Congressional Dissent: The Fall of Hilliard, Barr and McKinney
Gilad Atzmon
The Zionist
Lobby and
American Foreign Policy
Robert Johnson
Right
Wing Doves?
Alexander
Cockburn
Taking
Down McKinney
August 21,
2002
Gary Leupp
The Return
of Mani
Romi Mahajan
Bhopal
on $40 a Day
Jerre Skog
Bush and
Europe:
Fun, Profit & Betrayal
Tom Crumpacker
The
Politics of the Cuba Embargo
August 20,
2002
Kathleen
Christison
Israeli
Tilt: the NYT
and Palestine
August 14
/ 19, 2002
Susan Davis
Played
Out: a Journey to Central City, Colorado
CounterPunch
Staff
Our Favorite
Films
Jeffrey St.
Clair
Usonian
Utopia's:
Frank Lloyd Wright, Working Class Housing and the FBI
Gilad Atzmon
Sharon and the Iron Wall
Uri Avnery
A Phone
Call from Hell
Wendy Brinker
Racism
is Alive and Well in the South Carolina Death House
Hamit Dardagan
The
Unbearable Lightness of Bombing
Ahmad Faruqui
The Legacy
of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Philip Farruggio
Leading
by Example
Anthony Gancarski
Union
Jackass: Richard Perle's UK Charm Offensive
Jeff Halper
Fortress
Israel: the Message of the Bulldozer
Robert Jensen
Our Failures
are Borne by the Palestinians
Gary Leupp
An Open
Letter to Bruce Springsteen about Bush's War on Terrorism
Dave Marsh
Sing a
Simple Song
Rashmi Mayur
To Johannesburg
in Search of Hope
Steve Perry
Another Fine Mess:
Martha Stewart and Paul Wellstone
Anis Shivani
What's
Next...Concentration Camps?
Edward Said
Punishment
by Detail
Jeff Taylor
Paul Wellstone's
Legacy
August 10/11,
2002
Walt Brasch
The Bush
2 Legacy...So Far
August 9,
2002
Mokhiber
/ Weissman
Corporate
Crime:
More Shareholder Power
Not the Solution
Ansar Ahmed
The Waning
of the
Pax Americana
Alexander
Cockburn
War,
the Military and the Hunt for the "Violence Gene"
Resources:
100s of Links
About 9/11
CounterPunch:
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Five
Days That
Shook The World:
Seattle and Beyond
By
Alexander Cockburn
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Read
Whiteout and Find Out
How the CIA's Backing of the Mujahideen Created the World's Most
Robust Heroin Market and Helped to Finance the Rise of the Taliban
and Osama bin Laden
Whiteout:
CIA, Drugs & the
Press
by Alexander
Cockburn
and Jeffrey St. Clair
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